Contentintroduction
Therangeofmaterialsusedin"GuangYa"iswiderthanthatin"ErYa".Thebookisnamed"GuangYa",whichmeanstoexpand"ErYa"."GuangYa",exegeticalbook.WrittenbyZhangYiduringtheWeiDynastyoftheThreeKingdoms.ZhangYi'swordisZhiRang,WeiMingEmperorTaiheZhongisaPh.D.ZhangYisaidin"ShangGuangYaBiao"thattheexegesiscollectedin"ErYa"isstillveryincomplete,sotheChineseofthegroupofbooksissynonymous,thepronunciationislost,theeightdirectionsarespecial,thecommonobjectsarerenamed,andtheyarenot."ErYa"isrecordedindetailandwritteninthearticle.Itsintentionistobroaden"ErYa",sotheinterpretationstillusestheoldtitleof"ErYa",startingfrom"Exegesis","Explanation"and"Explanation"to"ExplanationofBeasts"and"ExplanationofAnimals".19articles.Thecollectionofhisbooksisextremelywide,includingexegesispasseddownbeforetheHanDynasty.Theannotationsof"ChuCi"and"HanFu",aswellastheexplanationsofHanDynastycalligraphy,"Dialect","ShuowenJiezi"andotherbooksareincluded.AnimportantworkforstudyingvocabularyandexegesisbeforetheHanandWeiDynasties.
"Guangya"waswrittenduringtheTaiheperiodofEmperorMingoftheThreeKingdoms(227-232).Thebookisbasedonthestyleof"Erya",supplementingtheunpreparedarticles,collectingexegesisfromhundredsofschools,andadoptingspeciallanguagefromalldirections,Detailedrecordoftheproductcore,towriteinthearticle.Lingheqishu,self-yi,books,poems,threerituals,threezhuanjingshi'sinstructions,theAnalects,Mencius,Huainan,annotationsofFaYan,interpretationsofChuCi,HanFu,therecordofprophecy,Cangjie,Xunzhuan,Pangxi,Dialects,andnarratives,donotcontainboth,andXicuiisthesurvivoroftheancientmeaningsoftheZhou,QinandHanDynasties.IthasalwaysbeenregardedasanimportantworkforstudyingvocabularyandexegesisbeforeHanandWei.
Theoriginalbookof"GuangYa"isdividedintothreevolumes,thefirst,thesecondandthesecond.CaoXianintheSuiDynastywrotethesoundinterpretation.BecauseofavoidingSuiYangEmperorYangGuang'staboo,itwasrenamed"BoYa"andclaimedtobethebook"BoYa"sound".CaoXian'sannotatededitionincludes4volumesof"SuiZhi"and10volumesof"TangZhi".Thetitleisstillcalled"GuangYa",whichisstillinusetoday.DuringtheQianjiaperiodoftheQingDynasty,thestudyoflanguagephonologyexegesisprevailed.WangNianandSunShizhi's"GuangYa"produced10volumesof"GuangYaShuzheng",eachofwhichwasdividedintoupperandlowervolumes.
QingConfucianismwaspraisedas"thebookofZhangYiwasborrowedtoaccommodatealltheories,butthetruthisunknown.ScholarsarebetterthanthecommentariesofLiDaoyuanonthe"WaterClassics",whicharesuperiortotheScriptures."Thesparseevidenceiswrittentothe9thvolume,andthe10thvolumeismentionedbyhissonWangYin.Wang'scommentaryon"GuangYa",itsmostimportantfeatureistoseekancientmeaningfromancientsounds,extendtothecategory,andnotlimittheshape.Inthebook,thetheoryof"soundsaresimilartomeanings"and"soundsaretransposedtobesimilar"iseverywhere.Heusessoundtospeakthroughexegesis.Inthebook,itisoftensaidthat"acertainwordisacertainthing"toexploretheetymologyandmeaningofthewordfamily.Atthesametime,HaoYixing's"ErYaYiShu"andQianYi's"DialectJianShu"bothdirectlyorindirectlyaccepteditsinfluence.
TableofContents
Foreword
Legends
ShanghaiGuangyaTable
GuangyaGulinText
>Volume1onthefirstinterpretation
Volume1onthesecondinterpretation
Volume2onthesecondinterpretation
Volume2onthesecondinterpretation
Volume3,upperexplanation
Volume3,lowerexplanation
Volume4,upperexplanation
Volume4,lowerexplanationInterpretation
ExplanationonVolumeFifth
ExplanationonVolumeFifth
ExplanationonVolumeSix
ExplanationonVolumeSixXiaShiqin
VolumeSeven,ShangShigong
VolumeSeven,LowerReleaseDevice
VolumeEighthReleaseDevice
VolumeTheeighthsecondreleaseofmusic
Volumeninthonthereleaseday
Volumeninthreleaseonthebottom
Shiqiu
Shishan
Releasethewater
Releasethegrassonthetenthvolume
Releasethewood
Releasetheinsectonthetenthvolume
ShiYu
ShiNiao
ShiBeast
Content
Thefirstthreechaptersof"GuangYa",explaining,explaining,andexplainingTraining,explainsgeneralwords.Interpretationofmostitemsistoputmanysynonymstogether,groupthemintoagroup,andthenuseacommonlyusedwordwithabroadmeaningtoexplain.Forexample:
lao(to),tai(ti),?(jiǎn),淅,wash,潒(d-ng),湅*(sāo),bath,bath,bath,湔(jiān)),Zhuo,Mo(hu-),Sprinkle(xǐ)also.
Sprinkleandwash.Thisentryissupplementedby"GuangYa".Amongthem,LaotongtaoisalsowrittenasTao.Waterlogging,elimination,?,xi,and湅*allrefertoscouringrice,whichistowashawayimpuritiesingrainswithwater.Washing,cleaning,andmoisteningallrefertowashingawaydirt.Danglingmeanscleansing.Bathingmeanswashingyourhands,bathingmeansshampooing,bathingmeanswashingyourbody,andfoamingmeanswashingyourface.
Theentriesofexplanationsareveryshort,withonlyonewordbeingexplained.Forexample:
徇，营也.
Gun,yes.
Buyandpay.
Jiang,FuYe.
YuisthemeaningofQuCong,andYingisthemeaningofseeking,andYuandYinghavesimilarmeanings,sotheyareinterpretedasYing.Yunistheonewhoriskedtheworld'sgreatdisgrace.Yunheissynonymous,meaningthatitiscorrect.Purchasingmeansofferingareward,andrepayingmeansrepaying,sopurchaseandreleasearepaid.Willhavethemeaningofhelping,suchas"MulanCi"outofGuoXiangfuJiang,Fuhewillusesynonymstogether.
Explanatorytrainingexplainsrepetitivewordsanddouble-syllablewords.Forexample:
Zizi,彶彶(j-j-),panic,gu-nggu-ng(gu-nggu-ng),dramaalso.
Fisting,trivial,style,lovealso.
Hesitate,hesitate.
P-nhu-n,evenifyoudon’tenter.
Diligentlydescribediligenceandtirelessness.ThesameasJiji,describetheeagerpursuit.Panicdescribeshurriedhasty.Summondescribedhurriedlyandunsteadily.
Thecommonpointofthesefourwordsistodescribethedepthandstrength,andthedramahasthemeaningofextremeandextreme,sothedramaisusedasanexplanatoryword.QuanQuandescribessincereandloyal.
Ameredescriptionofsincereandaffection.Sectionsectiondescribesloyaltyandsincerity.Thesethreewordsaregoodfordescribingfeelings,soloveisusedasanexplanatoryword.Tohesitatemeanstolinger,andtoexplainwithhesitationistousewordstoexplainwords.BanhuanisalsousedasPanhuan,whichmeansstayingandwandering.Ifyoudon’tuseit,Banhuanusesphrasestoexplainwords.
Explainthefollowing16encyclopediaterms.Amongthem,Shiqinexplainsthenamesofrelativesandthenamesofpeople'sbodies.ShiGongexplainedthevocabularyabouthouseconstruction.Inadditiontotheinterpreter,theinterpreteralsoexplainssomewordsrelatedtobones,skin,viscera,diet,etc.Shiyueexplainsthenameofmusic,thenameoftheinstrument,theformandthesystemofritualmusic.Forexample:
Weng,Gong,OldMan,Dad,?(zhē),FatherYe.(ShuQin)
Pixun(p-n-),Yin(di-),femalewallalso.(ReleasethePalace)
Pouchiscalledthescorpion.(Releasedevice)
Xun(xūn),likeaweighinghammer,ismadeofsoilandhassixholes.(Shile)
FivearticlesincludingShitian,Shidi,Shiqiu,Shishan,Shishui,etc.mainlyexplainthetermsofastronomyandgeography.Forexample:
Luminousmeansthemoon.(ShiTian)
Hu,薮(sǒu),Pi(bēi),pond,capital,?(h-ng)單(chǐ),Ze,埏(yn),Yan,Gao,Marsh,Chialso.(Shidi)
Xiaolingiscalledhill.(Shiqiu)
DaiZongcalledMountTai.(ShiShan)
Liquan,Zhiquan.Straightspring,Yongquanalso.(Shishui)
Sevenchaptersexplainthetermsofplantsandanimals,includingShiCao,ShiMu,ShiChong,ShiYu,ShiNiao,ShiShi,ShiHu.Forexample:
菅(jiān),Maoalso.(Releasethegrass)
Chu,JingYe.(Shimu)
Langu,yuān(yuān)also.(Releasetheinsects)
Silvercarp,alsosilvercarp.(Releasefish)
Pheasant,pheasant(zh-)also.(Releasethebird)
豨(xī),豠(c-),豭(jiā),彘,豠also.(Releasethebeast)
Whitehorseloin,驙(zhān).(ShiHu)
Circulatedversion
Theoldeditionof"GuangYa"hasmanycorruptedcharacters,andCaoXianyinisclampedunderthemaintext.Someofthemaintextismistakenforsound,andsomearemistakenforsound.Inthemaintext,Wangandhissonallcollatedonebyone.SeparateCaoXianyinandlistitattheendoftheoriginalbook"GuangYa"."GuangyaShuzheng"hasXuehaitangedition,Jifuseriesofbooks,andWangfamilyengravededition.Inrecentyears,BeijingZhonghuaBookCompanyandShanghaiAncientBooksPublishingHousehavebothpublishedphotocopies;JiangsuAncientBooksPublishingHousehasalsophotocopied4typesofGaoyouWang's.Afterthepublicationof"GuangyaShuzheng",Wangcontinuedtoreviseitandformavolumeof"SupplementsandCorrections".Thisbookwaspublishedin1918inShanghaiGuangcangXueyuan;LuoZhenyucopieditfromthemanuscriptandcompiledandprinteditintheYinLiZaiSiTangSeriesin1929.ZhonghuaBookCompanyplaceditattheendofthebook.AftertheWangclan,therewereafewotherswhotriedtosupplementtheevidence,buttheessenceisnotmuch.
AtthesametimeasWangNiansun'sinterpretationof"Guangya",QianDazhao's20volumesof"GuangyaYishu",atthattimetherewereonlytranscripts,whichhadnotbeenpublishedandhadlittleinfluence.GuiFureadthemanuscriptandsighedforitscarefulreview.Today,theZhonghuaBookCompanyhasacollatededition.LuWenyialsopublished"GuangYaShiTianXiaZhu",whichwascollectedin"GuangYaYiShu".The"JingjiatangSeries"ispublishedinJapan,andallmajorlibrariesinChinahaveitinthecollection.
Historicalvalue
Theoriginalbook"GuangYa"isdividedinto3volumes,withatotalof18,150words.Comparing"GuangYa"and"ErYa",therearemorethan7,000words.Fromtheentrypointofview,ofthefirstthreearticles,thelengthofinterpretationisthelongest,with809articlesintotal,whichismorethan600morethan"Erya-Interpretation".Thelast16chaptersarethelongest,with359articles,whichismorethan200morethan"Erya-Shiki".
"Guangya"isthemostvaluableexegeticaldictionaryintheYashuthatappearedafter"Erya".Thebook"GuangYa"containsmanywordsthatarenotfoundin"ErYa",includingthecommentaryonthehistoryoftheScripturesbeforetheHanandWeiDynasties,aswellastheexegesisinthe"SanCang","Dialects",and"ShuoWen".ItprovidesveryvaluableinformationforfuturegenerationstoverifytheancientmeaningsofancientwordsinZhou,QinandHan.WangNiansunoftheQingDynastycommentedon"Guangya"in"GuangyaShuzhengPreface",saying:ThosewhocovertheancientmeaningsofZhou,QinandHancanbeusedtoprovetheirgainsandlosses;Thebook'smeritsandexegesisarealsogreat.
Because"GuangYa"istoexpandthemeaningof"ErYa",its"limitations"arealsothesameas"ErYa".TheshortcomingsofWangLi'scommentson"ErYa"inhisbook"HistoryofChineseLinguistics"canalsobeusedin"GuangYa".Hemadethreepoints:
First,whenthewordtobeexplainedisapolysemousword,whichmeaningisusedisnotclear.
Second,itiseasytomisunderstandthesimplecollectionofoldprecepts,thinkingthattheyareallsynonymsandcanbetransferredtoeachother.
Three.Sometimes,thewordtobeexplainedandthewordtobeexplainedarenotsynonymousatall,andthereisonlyacertainconnectionbetweenthem,orevenreluctantly.
Theabovethreesituationsarequitecommon.Thisallowspeoplewhomisinterpretancientbookstousethistypeofmaterialtohelpmakeassumptions.
Documentaryrecords
"Guangya·TenVolumes(InnerHouseCollection)":
WrittenbyWeiZhangyi.Yiziisimmature,fromQinghe.Dr.TaiheZhongguan.Itsnamemaybemadefromwood.However,ifitisprovedbytheword“childrenandletting”,itisthetrialof“noletting”.Thepost-Weijiangstyle"OnBooksandTables"said:"Dr.WeiChuQingheZhangYi,wrote"Picang","GuangYa","AncientandModernCharacters".Studying"Pian"and"Guang",increasethecategoryofthings,Itisalsobeneficialtothetext.However,its"ZiXuan",FangZhixuchapter,maygainorlose."Itisthestylethat"Picang"and"GuangYa"arebetterthan"ZiXuan".
Today,"PiCang"and"ZiGu"havebeenlostforalongtime,but"GuangYa"remains.Becauseoftheoldtitleof"ErYa",hisbookwasexpandedbyusingHanConfuciancommentaryand"SanCang"and"ShuoWen"books.CaoXian,asecretaryoftheSuiDynasty,changedhisnameto"BoYa"toavoidthetabooofEmperorYang.Therefore,thetwonameshavebeencalledtogethersofar,anditisalsoabook.Thereis"JinBiao"inthefront,whichiscalled"FanWanWanXianXianFu",dividedintoupper,middle,andlower.
"SuiShu·JijiZhi"isalsocomposedofthreevolumes,whichisinlinewithwhatissaidin"Biao",butthenotesays:"Lianghasfourvolumes.""TangZhi"isalsocomposedoffourvolumes."GuangeBibliography"alsosaid:"TodayisYi,buttherearethreevolumesof"Yin"."NotedbytheConstitution,"Suizhi"iscomposedoffourvolumes,and"Tangzhi"iscomposedoftenvolumes,andthenumberofentriesisdifferent.Coverthebookinthreevolumes."Qilu"iscomposedoffourvolumes,whichwillbepasseddownandwrittenlatertoanalyzeitscontents.Thefourvolumesofthe"Notes"oftheConstitutionarebasedontheLiangDynasty.Thesentenceisslightlymorecomplicatedandanalyzedintotenvolumes.Itwasalsodisgustingthattenjuanwasbroken,anditwascombinedintothreejuan.
Thetextsof"GuangYa"quotedbythescholarsareallpresent,andthereisnothingmissinginthisbook.Knowingthenumberofbooksisdifferent,thebooksarethesame.However,theso-calledYizhein"GuangeBibliography"istheoriginalofYiqiwithoutnotes.Theso-called"Yin"inthethreevolumesistheoriginalnoteoftheconstitution.TheoriginaltextofYiisactuallyattachedtothe"Notes"forpreservation,anditisnotatasteofYi,anditisnotafault.However,thecurrenteditionisstilltenjuan,andlatergenerationsanalyzedittofittheearsof"TangZhi".ExaminationofTangXuandu's"NineClassicsCharacterPreface",itissaidthatthephoneticcharacterwaschangedto"cut",whichactuallybeganinKaichengjianoftheTangDynasty.AlthoughtheconstitutionenteredtheTangdynastyfromtheSuiDynastytothetimeofZhenguan,itwasfarbeforeitwasdeveloped.Todaythisisoftencloudedwithcertainwords,whichisquitesuspicious.Isitnottheoldversionoftheconstitutionthatisrumoredandmodified?