Consumption structure

Basicdefinition

Consumptionstructurestudiesthatresidentschangewiththeincreaseoftheirtotalconsumptionexpenditure.Althoughthetermconsumptionstructureiswidelyused,theacademiccircleshaveaprecisedefinitionofitTherearedifferentunderstandings,andrepresentativeviewpointsare:theproportionalrelationshipofdifferenttypesofconsumptionmaterialsthatpeopleconsumeintheprocessofconsumption;intheprocessofconsumptionbehavior,thepercentagesofvarioustypesofconsumergoodsandlaborservicesinquantityandtheirmutualrelationshipTheproportionalrelationshipbetweenthecoordinationandsubstitution;theproportionofvariousconsumptionmaterials(laborservices)formedinthecontradictorymovementofdemandandsupplyinthetotalconsumptionexpenditureandtheirmutualrelations;varioussocialfactorsintheprocessofpeople’sdailyconsumptionThesumoftheinterrelationshipsandquantitativeratioswithinnaturalfactorsandbetweensocialfactorsandnaturalfactors.Theseviewshavelaidthefoundationforpeopletostudytheconsumptionstructureindepth,butthesedefinitionsalsohavesomeshortcomings.Theconceptofconsumptionstructureisonlydefinedasaproportionalrelationship,whichdoesnotreflectitsconnotation,anddoesnotreflecttherequirementsforqualityandthecoordinationbetweenqualityandquantity..

Consumptionstructureshouldincludetheunityofqualityandquantity.Thequalityoftheconsumptionstructureincludesthequalityofconsumerproducts,thecoordinationofvariousconsumerproductsinlifeconsumption,theconsumptionenvironmentandtheabilityofconsumerstoenjoyvariousconsumerproducts,andtheyalsodirectlyreflectthecomfortandconvenienceintheprocessoflifeconsumption,andpeoplePsychologicalandspiritualenjoymentandpleasure.Thequantityofconsumptionstructureistheunificationofthephysicalquantityandvaluequantityofvariousconsumptionobjects.Theconsumptionstructurecanbedefinedfromthestipulationofqualityandquantityas:thecompositionandcoordinationdegreeofvariousconsumptionobjectsthatpeopleconsumeintheprocessoflifeconsumption.

Referstotheproportionofdifferentcontentanddifferentformsofconsumptionintheoverallconsumptionandtheirmutualrelationship.Forexample,accordingtotheactualcontentofpeople'sconsumption,consumptioncanbedividedintothestructureoffood,clothing,shelter,use,andtransportation;accordingtotheformofconsumption,consumptioncanbedividedintothestructureofphysicalconsumptionandserviceconsumption.

Consumptionstructurealsoreferstotheproportionalrelationshipamongvariousconsumptionmaterialsusedfordailyconsumptioninacountryinacertainperiodoftime,aswellasthevariousconsumptionpatterns,consumptionpatterns,variouslevelsofresidents,andconsumptionlevelsinvariousregions.Thesumofproportionalrelations.

Classification

①Physicalconsumptionstructureandvalueconsumptionstructure.Theformerisrepresentedbyaseriesofconsumptionmaterialsandthephysicalnamesandquantitiesofconsumptionservices,whilethelatterisrepresentedbythequantityandproportionofvariousmonetaryexpendituresinpeople'sincome.InChina,thecurrentphysicalstructureofactualconsumptionalsoincludesacertainamountofself-sufficientphysicalconsumption,whichisgenerallynotrepresentedbythevaluestructure.

②Macroconsumptionstructureandmicroconsumptionstructure.Theformerreferstotheconsumptionstructureoftheentiresociety,indicatingtheoverallconsumptionquantityandproportionalrelationship,andgenerallyreflectstheconsumptionstructureofacountryoraregion.Thelatterreferstotheconsumptionstructureofafamilyorindividual.Itreflectstheconsumptionstructurefromaconsumptionunitandbecomesthebasisofthemacroconsumptionstructure.Theformerisadaptedtothenationaleconomicsituationandthelevelofnationalincome,andthelatterisadaptedtothechangesinconsumerincomeandthepriceofconsumptionobjects.

③Consumptionstructureofdifferentsocialgroups.Forexample,theconsumptionstructureofpeasantfamiliesandtheconsumptionstructureofurbanworkerfamilies.

Influencingfactors

Thechangesinconsumptionstructureareaffectedbymanyfactors.Mainly:socialproductivitydevelopmentlevel,socialeconomicsystem,industrialstructure,consumerincomelevel,consumerproductpricesandconsumerdecision-making(guidance),demandstructuredeterminedbythesocialstructureandnaturalstructureofthepopulation,consumerpsychologyandconsumerbehavior,Naturalenvironment.

Industrialstructure

1.Agriculture,lightandheavystructuredirectlyaffectconsumptionstructure

2.Theimpactoftheinternalstructureofagriculture,light,andheavyontheconsumptionstructure

Forexample,whetherthestructureofplanting,animalhusbandry,andaquaculturewithinagricultureisreasonable,andwhetherthestructureoffood,meat,poultry,eggs,andmilkisreasonable,Theconsumptionofaquaticproductshasadirectimpact.

3.Theemergenceofnewindustrysectorsalsohasanimpactonthechangesintheconsumptionstructure

Thedevelopmentofhigh-tech,thecontinuousemergenceofnewindustriesandnewproducts,andthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewconsumptionareaswillpromotetheoptimizationoftheconsumptionstructure,upgrade.

Residentincome

Incomelevelisthemostimportantandbasicfactorthataffectstheconsumptionstructure.Anincreaseinincomelevelmeansanincreaseinpurchasingpower,whichmayexpandconsumptionintermsofextensionandconnotation.Inthepast,onlythemostbasicconsumptionneedscanbemet,andhigh-levelneedscanbemet.Thiswillinevitablychangetheconsumptionstructure.Analyzetheimpactofincomelevelonconsumptionstructurefromthefollowingaspects:

First,theimpactofincomeonthelevelofconsumptionstructureandthelevelofconsumptionneeds.Thestructureofneedsandconsumptionisconstantlychangingfromlow-leveltohigh-level.Themainreasonforthischangeistheincreaseinincomelevels.

Role

Inspectingtheconsumptionstructure,thepurposeistograspandexplorethechangingtrendofconsumption,adjusttheindustrialstructureandproductstructureintime,andlinkuptherelationshipbetweenproductionanddemand;atthesametime,itcanbeusedtoanalyzeandEvaluatetheeconomicefficiencyofacertainindustrialsystemandmeasureandtestthestatusofpeople’sneedsbeingmet.

ReasonableconsumptionstructureAcertainconsumptionstructureistheproductoftheinteractionbetweenacertaindemandstructureandasupplystructure.Atthesametime,acertainconsumptionstructureinturnhasapositiveimpactonthedemandstructureandsupplystructure,orpromotestheimprovementofsupplyandthesatisfactionofdemand,ordelaystheimprovementofsupplyandthesatisfactionofdemand.Establishingareasonableconsumptionstructuremodelistherequirementofimplementingaplannedcommodityeconomyandrealizingthenationaleconomicdevelopmentstrategy.InChina,thecurrentlyrecognizedreasonableconsumptionstructurehasthefollowingcharacteristics:consumptioncompositionmustbecompatiblewiththepopulationcompositionanddemandcompositionofthesociety;informationfeedbackfromconsumptiononproductionmustbeusedtomakethesupplystructuremoreconsistentwiththedemandstructure;andenvironmentalprotectionmustbeused,Therationaldevelopmentofnaturalresources,therationaluseofenergyandthemaintenanceofthebalanceoftheecologicalsystemarecompatible;itmustbeconducivetotheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilization.

Consumptionstructureisconstantlychangingwiththecontradictorymovementofdemandandsupply.Toexaminetherationalityoftheconsumptionstructure,weshouldalsoexamineitschangingnature.Thebenignchangesinconsumptiondataarereflectedas:theproportionofsurvivalmaterialsinconsumptionexpenditureshasgraduallydecreased,andtheproportionsofdevelopmentmaterialsandenjoymentmaterialshavegraduallyincreased;invariousformsofconsumptionexpenditures,theproportionoffoodhasgraduallydeclined,andtheproportionofclothingandsupplieshasgraduallyincreased.;Intheproportionoffoodexpenditures,theproportionofstaplefoodshasfallen,whiletheproportionofnon-staplefoodshasrisen;intheconsumptionexpendituresforwear,theproportionofpurchasesofmid-range,high-endconsumergoodsandconsumerdurableshasrisen,whiletheproportionoflow-endproductshasfallen;inhousingconstruction,Theproportionofinvestmentinnewconstructionandexpansionincreased,whiletheproportionofmaintenanceinvestmentdecreased;theproportionofcommodityconsumptionincreased,buttheproportionofself-sufficientconsumptiondecreased;intotalconsumption,theproportionofserviceexpenditurerose,whiletheproportionofcommodityexpendituredecreased;theproportionofspiritualconsumptionincreased,Theproportionofmaterialconsumptiondrops,andsoon.Inthegeneraltrendofpositivechanges,apartialreversetransformationinacertainperiodcannotberuledout.Forexample,foodexpenditureshaveincreasedduetoimprovedsupplyconditionsandincreaseddemandquality.

Engelcoefficient

Fromtheproportionoffoodexpenditureintotalhouseholdexpenditure,onecanroughlyinfertheleveloffamilylivingstandards.ThiswasproposedbytheGermanstatisticianErnstEngelinthemid-19thcentury.TheproportionoffoodexpenditureintotalhouseholdexpenditureiscalledtheEngelcoefficient.[Engelcoefficient=(foodexpenditure/totalhouseholdexpenditure)*100%]

IftheEngelcoefficientistoolarge,itwillinevitablyaffectotherconsumptionexpenditures,especiallytheincreaseindevelopmentmaterialsandenjoymentmaterials,andlimitconsumptionlevelsandconsumptionQualityimprovement.AdecreaseinEngel'scoefficientusuallyindicatesanimprovementinpeople'slivingstandardsandanimprovementintheconsumptionstructure.

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