Background
TheChinesegovernmenthasputforwardthegoalofequalizationofbasicpublicservices,butattheoperationallevel,thecontentofbasicpublicservicesmustbeclearlydefined.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sreality,itcanbedefinedbythefourcriteriaofbasicity,extensiveness,urgencyandfeasibility.Theso-calledbasicnaturereferstothosepublicservicesthathaveanimportantimpactonhumandevelopment,andtheirlackwillseriouslyaffecthumandevelopment.Theso-calleduniversalityreferstotheprovisionofpublicservicesthataffecteveryfamilyandindividualinthewholesociety.Theso-calledurgencyreferstothepublicservicethatconcernsthemostdirect,realistic,andmosturgentinterestsofthegeneralsociety.Theso-calledfeasibilitymeansthattheprovisionofpublicservicesmustbecompatiblewithacertainlevelofeconomicdevelopmentandpublicfinancialcapacity.
Judgingfromtheabovestandards,compulsoryeducation,publichealthandbasicmedicalcare,basicsocialsecurity,andpublicemploymentservicesarethemostconcernedandmosturgentpublicservicesforthemajorityofurbanandruralresidents.ItistheestablishmentofasocialsafetynettoprotectallThepublicservicesthatsocialmembersmustprovidefortheirbasicrighttosubsistenceanddevelopmenthavebecomethemaincontentofmycountry’sbasicpublicservicesatthisstage.
Evaluation
Theevaluationindexsystemofbasicpublicservicecapacityisdividedintotwoparts:subjectiveevaluationandobjectiveevaluation.Thebasicpublicserviceleveloflocalgovernmentisbasedonthesubjectivefeelingsandobjectiveinputofthepublic.Theresultsofthesetwodimensionsarecomprehensivelyandsystematicallyinvestigated.Thesubjectiveevaluationmainlyexaminesthedegreeofsatisfactionofurbanresidentswiththefairness,convenienceandintegrityofthegovernment’sbasicpublicservices.Italsofocusesontheurbanresidents’feelingsandopinionsonthelevelofgovernmentpublicservice;theobjectiveevaluationmainlyexaminesthelocalgovernment’sFinancialinvestmentmadeinbasicpublicservicesandobjectiveresultsachieved.
Attheoperationallevel,subjectiveevaluationismoredifficult,requiringlarge-scaleindependent,objectiveandfairsocialinvestigations.Third-partyagencieshaveadvantagesinthisregard.Tothisend,theAcademyofSocialSciencesandHuatuRed-collarPoliticsconductedanevaluationofurbanbasicpublicservicesfrom2010to2011,andsuccessfullyenteredthebluebookofpublicservices,openinganeweraforbasicpublicserviceevaluation.
The"TwelfthFive-YearPlanfortheNationalBasicPublicServiceSystem"promulgatedinJuly2012establishedbasicnationalstandardsforbasicpublicservicesfromapracticalandoperationallevel,andclarifiedfourmaingoals:effectiveexpansionofsupply,Thedevelopmentismorebalanced,theservicesareconvenientandaccessible,andthepeoplearemoresatisfied,andfinallytheequalizationofbasicpublicserviceswillberealized.
Expandingeffectivesupplyisaprerequisitefortheequalizationofbasicpublicservices.Fromaneconomicpointofview,thisincludesexpandingsupply,requiringasubstantialincreaseingovernmentinput(totalandproportion)inbasicpublicservices,andeffectivesupply,requiringoptimizationandadjustmentofsocialresourceallocationmethods.Fromapoliticalpointofview,thegoalofexpandingtheeffectivesupplyofbasicpublicservicesisforthegovernmenttomaximizethevalueofrepresentativeness,responsiveness,andresponsibility.Withthetransformationanddevelopmentofsociety,thegovernmenthasrealizeditsrepresentativenessandresponsibilitiestoagreaterextentthroughvarioussystemsorpublicpolicies,andrespondedtotheincreasingdemandforbasicpublicservicesfrommultiplestakeholders.Itisnecessarytoimprovebasicpublicservicesbasedontheneedsofallmembersofsociety.Servethenationalstandardsystemandcontinuouslyimprovethedynamicstandardadjustmentmechanism.Fromamanagementperspective,expandingthesupplyofeffectivebasicpublicservicesisabasicmeasureandanimportantwaytotransformfrommanagingsocietytosocialmanagement.Onthewhole,thefocusofsocialmanagementliesintheresultofexpandingthesupplyofeffectivebasicpublicservices.Inordertoachievetheexpectedresults,variousmarketcompetitionmechanismscanbeproperlyusedintheprovisionofproductsandservices,whichcanbeprovidedthroughmultiplechannelssuchasthegovernment,themarket,andsocialforces,thatis,thepublicservicesupplymethodisdiversified,andtheprovidercanberealizedAndprovidediversification.Inordertorealizethesupplyofeffectivebasicpublicservices,thegovernmentshouldnotonlyemphasizethedemand-orientedconceptofthepeople,butalsoplaytheroleof"helm"ratherthan"paddler".Itshouldalsopayattentiontotheresponseofthetargetpublic,thatis,socialsatisfaction.
Morebalanceddevelopmentisthebasicrequirementfortheequalizationofbasicpublicservices.Thedevelopmentofbasicpublicservicesincludestheexpansionofscaleandtheoptimizationofstructure.Themostdirectfactoristhematchingofpublicservicedemand-sideandsupply-side.Theessenceofthebalanceofbasicpublicservicesisthatthegovernmentfulfillsitscommitmentstoguaranteecitizens’rightstobasicpublicservices,throughdeepeningreforms,establishingandimprovingsystemconstructioninthefieldsofeducation,housing,employment,healthcare,etc.,throughuniversallyacceptableortolerableBasicpublicserviceresultsandequalopportunitiestolimitsocialinequality.Fromamacroperspective,amorebalanceddevelopmentreferstotherationaldistributionofhuman,financial,andmaterialresourcesacrossthecountry,theestablishmentofresourcesharingmechanismsinvariousregions,andtherealizationofthetotalandstructuralsupplyofbasicpublicservicesinlinewitheconomicandsocialdevelopment.Theneedsofthecountryarerelativelybalanced.Fromamesolevel,amorebalanceddevelopmentmeansthatthebasicpubliceducation,laborandemployment,healthcare,andold-ageservicesmustbebasicallybalancedbetweenurbanandruralareasandregions,andthebasicpublicservicesineachcountymustberealized.Thebalanceddevelopmentofthecountry.Fromamicrolevel,developmentismorebalanced,includingthebalanceofresourceallocationintheservicefield,thebalanceofserviceresults,andthebalanceofserviceevaluation.Inparticular,itisnecessarytosignificantlyimprovethepublicservicesupplycapacity,fairandequaldistributioncapacityinruralareasandthepoor,old,young,andmarginalareas.Serviceevaluationcapabilitiestosolvethepublic’shousing,school,medical,andemploymentissues,sothatallmembersofsocietyhaveequalrightsandopportunitiestoenjoyhousing,education,medicalcare,andlabor.
Convenientandaccessibleservicesarethespecificdirectionoftheequalizationofbasicpublicservices.Asthediscussionofbasicpublicservicesrisesfromtheorytopractice,itsavailabilityandconvenienceareimportantmeasurementfactorsfortheimplementationofnationalbasicstandards.Firstofall,wemustimprovetheservicenetwork.Atpresent,low-incomeandpoorgroupshavehigherbasicpublicserviceneeds,buttheservicenetworkisnotextendedlongenough,andtheutilizationrateofbasicpublicservicesisrelativelylow,resultinginrelativelyinsufficientaccessandconvenienceofbasicpublicservices.Theabilitytopayislimited,especiallyaftertheoccurrenceofcatastrophicevents,itiseasytocausepovertyduetoillnessorpovertyduetodisasters.Therefore,therealizationofthenationalbasicstandardsdependsonthecomprehensiveestablishmentofaservicenetworkfocusingonthegrassroots.Secondly,itisnecessarytoimprovethestandardizationlevelofbasicpublicservicesinspecificfields,sothatthosewhoneedbasicpublicservicescaneasilyobtaincorrespondingservices.Forexample,improvingthestandardizationoffacilitiesineducationalinstitutionsandtraininginstitutionsisthebasisforeducatedpersonsandworkerstoobtainconvenienteducation,information,andtrainingservices.Anotherexampleistostrengthenthestandardization,specializationandinformationizationofbasicpublicservices.Finally,itisnecessarytoensurethaturbanandruralresidentsgetservicesnearby.Thefirstphasegoalofthenationalstandardforbasicpublicservicesistograduallyeliminatethebasicpublicserviceacquisitioninthedualsocialstructurethroughtheintegrationofurbanandruralbasicpublicserviceplanningandtheconnectionoftheservicesystem,andincreasingthesupportofbasicpublicservicesinruralareas.Thedifferencemakesthebasicpublicservicesenjoyedbyurbanandruralresidentsaccessibleandconvenient.