Therearemanytypesofaerialbombs,andtheclassificationmethodsofvariouscountriesaredifferentaccordingtotheirownhabits.Chinaisdividedintosmall(under50kg),medium(100-500kg),andlarge(above1000kg)aerialbombsaccordingtotheirsizeandmass;accordingtowhethertheyhavecontrolcapabilities,theyaredividedintoguidedandunguidedaerialbombs;accordingtobombsItisdividedintohigh-resistance,low-resistanceanddecelerationaerialbombs;accordingtothenatureofthecharge,itisdividedintoordinaryaerialbombs,specialaerialbombsandunconventionalaerialbombswithspecialcharges(suchaschemicalbombs,biologicalbombs,nuclearbombs,etc.);Accordingtothedamagecharacteristics,itisdividedintoconventionalaerialbombsandunconventionalaerialbombs;accordingtotacticalfunctions,itisdividedintomain-purposeaerialbombsandauxiliary-purposeaerialbombs.Mainpurposes:Aviationbombsareusedtodirectlydestroy,destroyandkilltargets.Thereareblastingbombs,killingbombs,killingblastingbombs,incendiarybombs,blastingincendiarybombs,armor-piercingbombs,anti-tankbombs,anti-submarinebombs,depthbombs,andanti-runwaybombs.,Oilandgasbombs,parent-childbombs,chemicalbombs,biologicalbombsandvariousnuclearbombs.Auxiliary-purposeaerialbombsareusedtoassistintargetedbombingandtocompleteaspecifictask.Therearelightingbombs,photobombs,smokebombs,markerbombs,etc.①Warhead.Itisusuallyovalinshapeandcanbeequippedwithfuzesorwarheads,control(guidance)devices,etc.asneeded.Inordertoeliminatetransonicflightinstability,someaerialbombsareequippedwithfixedordetachableballisticringsonthewarhead.②Theprojectilebody(shell).Usuallymadeofmetalmaterials,equippedwithbulletears,usedtocombinewithaircraftsuspension.Theprojectilebodieshavedifferentpurposes,someareusedtoloaddifferentexplosivesorothersubstances;somearemadeopen,usedtoloadbullets,andbecomesub-munitionboxes;someareusedtodirectlykillpeopleordestroyweapons.③Charge.Itispackedinthebombbodyandfilledwithdifferentexplosivesorothersubstancesasrequiredtomakedifferenttypesofbombs,suchasaerialblastingbombswithTNTexplosives,aerialphotographicbombswithflashingagents,andaviationchemicalbombswithchemicalpoisons.④Thebullettail.Itisusuallymadeintoafeather-shapedorcylindricalshape,andthetailofasmallbombcanalsobefoldedtostabilizetheballistictrajectory.Dependingonthespecialpurpose,somebombsareequippedwithadecelerationdeviceoranaccelerationpowerdeviceatthetail.Explosivebombslargerthan250kgorbombswithspecialneedsareequippedwithfuzesatthetail.⑤Explosionexpansiondevice.Akindofbooster,whenthefuzeisignited,theboosterisfirstignitedtomaketheexplosiveevenlyandviolentlyexploded.Largeblastingmunitionsorspecial-purposeexplosivesareequippedwithadetonationdevice.⑥Fuze.Necessarypartsforthenormaloperationofaerialbombs.Usedtocontrolthebestdetonationpositionortimingoftheammunition.Inordertoincreasethenumberofbombs,thebombsusedintheaircraftarerelativelyshortandthick,andtheratioofthelengthtothediameterofthebombisabout4:5.Inordertoreducetheairresistance,thebombsusedfortheexternalbombsofhigh-speedaircraftarerelativelyslender,andtheratioofthelengthtothediameterofthebombisgreaterthan7,whichiscalledalow-resistancebomb.Theloadingfactorofaerialbombchargesisintherangeof0.1to0.8.OnNovember1,1911,duringthewarbetweenItalyandTurkey,thepilotsofAlitaliathrewgrenadeattheTurkisharmyfromtheplaneforthefirsttime.IntheFirstWorldWar,withtheemergenceofbombers,allbelligerentcountriesusedspeciallydevelopedaerialbombs.Threetypesofbombs,blasting,killingandburning,appeared.InthelatterpartoftheFirstWorldWar,theyalsoproduced454kginweight.Bomb.Duetothelimitedabilityofaircrafttocarrybombs,mostoftheactualaerialbombsuseddidnotexceed227kguntiltheendofthe1930s.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,thetacticalandtechnicalperformanceofbomberswasgreatlyimproved,thescaleofbombingwasunprecedented,andthequalityofaerialbombsalsoincreasedrapidly.TheUnitedKingdomusedblastbombsweighing10tons;thetypesalsocontinuedtoincrease,andmanynewtypesappeared.Bombs,suchasarmor-piercingbombs,anti-tankbombs,napalmbombs,lightingbombs,andphotoflashbombsthatprovidealightsourcefornighttimeaeriallighting.OnAugust6,1945,theUnitedStatesdroppedthefirstatomicbombonHiroshima,Japan.Afterthe1950s,inordertomeettheneedsofhigh-speedaircraftexternalbombsandlow-altitudebombs,low-resistancebombswithgoodaerodynamicappearanceanddecelerationbombsthatcanbeusedatlowaltitudesweredevelopedandequipped;laser-guidedbombsandtelevisionsweredevelopedtoimprovebombingaccuracy.Guidedbombs;inordertobombsurfacetargets,developavarietyofaviationsub-bombs.Later,newtypesofbombssuchasanti-runwaybombsandaviationgasbombsappearedoneafteranother.InNovember1952,theUnitedStatesconductedthefirsthydrogenbombtest,andlaterconductedaneutronbombtest,andnuclearbombscontinuedtodevelop.Despitethegreatdevelopmentofmissiles,aerialbombshavethecharacteristicsoflowcost,easystorage,andstrongdestructivepower,andtheirperformancehasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Theyarestillthemainweaponforcombataircrafttoattacktheground,andtheiruseisalsoincreasing..DuringWorldWarII,thebelligerentcountriesdroppedmorethan5milliontonsofaerialbombs.Inthe1991GulfWar,themultinationalforcesheadedbytheUnitedStatesdroppedatotalof109,200tonsofbombsinairstrikesagainstIraqinmorethanamonth.Thedevelopmentdirectionofaviationbombsistoincreasepoweranddestructiveefficiency,reduceaerodynamicdrag,anddevelopprecision-guidedmodularstructurebombs;developmorepowerfulandeffectiveoilandgasbombs;developnewsurface-killingweaponsandintelligentsub-typesBombs;researchanddevelopmentoflong-distance,multi-functionalandauto-seekingaerialsub-bombs,etc.
Publisher:ChinaMilitaryEncyclopediaEditingOffice