Textsourcestream
Knowledgeandpictophoneticcharacters.Judgingfromtheoracle-boneinscriptionsinFigure1inGroupA,theleftsideofitis"彳"(chì),whichmeans"walking"inancientwritings;therightpartisthecharacter"straight",whichisshapedlikeaneyeAstraightlinemeansthattheeyesneedtolookright;thecombinationofthetwomeans"thewaytoberight,andtherighttosee"means."Straight"alsohasthefunctionofexpressingpronunciation.TheoracleboneinscriptioninFigure2ofGroupAisa"straight"characterinthemiddleoftheword"Xing",anditsmeaningisthesameasthatofPicture1ofGroupA.TheshapeoftheinscriptionsoftheWesternZhouDynastyisbasicallysimilartothatoftheoracleboneinscriptions,exceptthatsomefontshavea"heart"undertherighteye(Figure4).Atthistime,peoplehaveaddedastandardtothemeaningoftheword"de".Thatistosay,inadditionto"beingrighteousnessandeye-rightness",itisalsonecessaryto"righteousness".Itcanbeseenthatpeoplehavehigherandhigherrequirementsforthemeaningoftheword"de".AroundtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,theupperpartofthe"straight"charactergraduallychangedintoa"cross"shape(Figure6).In"ShuowenJiezi"Xiaozhuanaddsa"guaiheng"underthe"head".Inthisway,QinShihuangfixedtheword"De"afterthe"BookwithText"inXiaozhuan.Sincethen,theregularscripthasonlyslightlyadjusteditsstrokes.
"De"isalsowrittenas"德"inthebronzeinscriptions.Somescholarsoncebelievedthat"德"isanancientwordfor"德".Infact,"德"appearedlaterthan"德",whichisavariantof"德".Asthe"straightness"ofintegrity,frankness,honesty,andnature,ithasalwaysbeenregardedasanimportantsymbolof"morality"bytheancients.Therefore,peoplesimplywritetheword"de"as"straight"andthenext"heart",whichis"de".InShuowenJiezi,XuShenclassifies"de"and"de"astwoprefixes.Hebelievesthat"de"meansgainingfromothersoutsidethebody,andgainingfromoneselfwithinthebody;"Germany"meanstoascendandascend.
Detailedexplanation
Englishtranslation | Examplesentences | Examplewords | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dé | Noun | Guidelinesandnormsforpeopletolivetogetherandbehavetogether. | virtue;integrity | "TheAnalectsofConfucius:Shuer":"Ifyoudon'tpracticemorality,youdon'tlearnit." ZhugeLiang's"BookofCommandments":"Thejourneyofahusbandandagentleman,quiettocultivateoneself,thriftytocultivatevirtue." | Virtue;morality;morality;Socialethics;bothabilityandpoliticalintegrity;highmoralityandrespect |
referstoapersonwithvirtue. | "ZhouLi·Xiaguan·Sushi":"Edictbyvirtue." "TheAnalectsofConfuciusLiren":"Avirtueisnotalone,theremustbeneighbors." | ||||
behavior;especiallygoodCharacter. | Chunqiu·ZuoQiuming's"ZuoZhuan·ChenggongSixteenYears":"Thepeople'slivelihoodisthickandmoral." "TheAnalectsofConfuciusZizhang":"Zixiasaid:'Greatvirtueisnotmorethanleisure,andsmallvirtuecangoinandout.'" | ||||
Gooddeeds;benevolence;benevolentgovernance. | kindness | "ShangShu·PangengShang":"PiNaidaretospeak,youhaveaccumulatedvirtue." "TheAnalectsofConfucius:Politics":"Governmentwithvirtue,suchasBeichen,liveinitsplaceandthestarsshareit." | Governmentbyvirtue | ||
Grace;kindness. | kindness;favor | "TheBookofSongs·Daya·Drunk":"Itisbothdrunkandfullofvirtue." SunYi's"WenShuo·SyntaxSame":"FanJu'svirtuemustbepaidforameal,andthegrievancesofJuxumustberepaid." | Repayvirtuewithgrievances;Repaygrievanceswithvirtue | ||
heart;affection. | "TheBookofSongs·Beifeng·Gufeng":"Ifithindersmyvirtue,Jiacannotsellit." ""TheBookofSongs·Weifeng·Meng":"Seniorsarealsoveryindifferent,twoandthreevirtues."Suchas:renunciationandmorality. | Merit;Accumulatevirtue;Concentricityandvirtue;Centrifugalvirtues | |||
TheancientsItisbelievedthatallthingsarederivedfromthe"Tao"withspeciallawsorspecialproperties.Laterreferstotheattributesofthingsingeneral. | "Guanzi·Xinshushang":"ThehouseofvirtueandTao,andthingscanbeborn." "Laozi"："Taobegets,morality,animal,mattershape,powerbecomesit.AllthingsdonotrespectTaoandvirtue." | ||||
Inancienttimes,itspecificallyreferredtothefunctionofheavenandearthtonurtureallthings. | "ZhouYi·QianGua":"Ahusbandandaman,combinehisvirtuewiththeheavenandtheearth,andthesunandthemoon." "Huainanzi·TenTianXun":"Onthewintersolstice,youwillfightthenorthintherope,theYinQiisextremely,theYangQiiscute,sothewintersolsticeisvirtue." | ||||
Fu;ajoyousthing. | "BookofRites·AigongQuestions":"Confuciuswasstunnedandsaidtohim:'Thekingisinthisrespect,thevirtueofthepeopleAlso.'” | ||||
AncientFiveElementsTheory.Referstoanaturalforcethatregeneratesandsuppresseseachotherandcandominatethehumanaffairsoftheheavenswhenitisfortune. | "HistoricalRecords:TheBookoftheFirstEmperorQinShiHuang":"Thefirstemperorpushedtheendofthebiographyofthefirstfivevirtues,thinkingthatZhoudeHuoDe,QinDynastyZhouDe,Invincible.FangJinisthebeginningofwatermorality." | FiveVirtues | |||
referstothepatternontheheadofthephoenix. | "Shanhaijing·Haineijing":"ThereareLuanbirdssingingbythemselves,andphoenixbirdsdancingbythemselves.Thephoenixbird'sfirsttextisGermany." | ||||
(Dé)referstoGermany. | German | ||||
(Dé)wordsforsurnames,pleasereferto"Germansurname" | |||||
Verb | Grateful;thankful. | "Twenty-fourYearsofZuoZhuan·XiGong":"WangDediwillhavehisdaughterasthequeen." "ChenShu·ZhouDiBiography":"Nearwords,butfaithful.PeopleinLinchuanarevirtuous." | Grade | ||
Givefavors. | "ZuoZhuan·TheSeventhYearofZhaogong":"Thereisnodecreeinthisearlylife,andyouwillnotbeabletoenjoyyourvirtueforalongtime." | ||||
Ethicaleducation;enlightenment. | "BookofRites·TheOrderoftheMoon":"(MengChunzhiyue)FateBuddhismandorder,celebrateandgivebenefits,andcallZhaomin.” | ||||
Climbhigh,climb. | ascend | "TheBookofChanges·PeelingGua":"Gentleman'sGermanCar." | |||
Through"de".get. | get | "Xunzi·Jiezhe":"Themanofvirtueandmorality,thekingofchaosisnotabove,chaosDon’tyoufeelsadwhenyou’reathome!" | |||
adjective | Itismoral. | "Mandarin·ZhouYuxia":"Ihearit,thenationalvirtueandneighborswhodonotcultivate,willbeblessed." | p> | ||
zhí | adjective | Through"straight".Straightforward. | "ZuoZhuan·XianggongTwenty-NineYears":"Toarguewithoutvirtue,itmustbeaddedtothekilling." | ||
Through"planting".Upright. | "BookofRites·Yuzao":"LiRongde." | ||||
(referencematerialsabove:) |
InterpretationofAncientBooks
ShuoWenJieZi
[Volume2][ShuDepartment]Manyarecut(dé)
Germany,rise①also.Fromthesoundof彳㥁.
[Volume10][Heart]Ifyouhavemore,youwillcut(dé)
Germanygainsfromothersoutside,andgainsfromyourselfinside.Fromstraighttoheart.
𢜖,ancientChinese.
〖Note〗①Sheng:GuiFu's"ShuowenJieziYizheng":"Gusheng,Deng,Zhi,De,andDehavethesamemeaning."
WordNote
[VolumeTwo][YuBu]
ShengYe.
Paragraphnote:Promoteaslogin.Fubusaid:Move,goup.Thisshouldbethesame.DexunDengzhe,"TheStoryofGongyang":Thepublicwatchedthefishforthedistance,andclimbedhere.HeYue:DengreadYande.Thosewhohavecome,QiRenyu.Thenameofthesamepersonisworthyofseeking.Forthosewhocomeonboard,theirwordsarebigandanxious,andtheyarealsodictatedbydictation.TangDynastyPoetry:Thousandsofwatersandthousandsofmountainsareavailable.Getthatismorality.Dengdedoubled.Thefirstpartandthesixthparthaveacloserhyme.Nowadays,itiscalledGermanybyforcetomoveforward,asistheoldsaying.
From彳,𢛳sound.
Paragraphnote:cutasmanyaspossible.One.
[Volume10][Heart]
Externally.It'salsofromoneself.
Note:ThisshouldbebasedonXiaoXu'sgeneraltheory.Obtainingfromothersexternallyandinternallyfromoneselfmeansthatthebodyandmindareself-satisfied;externallyobtainingfromothersmeansthatbenefitsmakeothersobtain.Thevulgarword叚德isit.Virtueispromoted.Ancientcharactersmaybeusedforit.
Bestraightforward.
Note:Thethreevirtuesof"HongFan":Oneisintegrity,andstraightnessalsosounds.Cutmore.One.
Guangyun
Ifyouhavemore,youwillentertheGermanside.‖ZhishengDepartment(dé)
Germany,virtue.YouHuiYe,ShengYe,FuYe.ThenameofYizhou,QinisQicounty,HanisPingyuancounty,WudechuisDezhou,andAndecountyisnamedafter.Cutmore.Nine.
Germany,ancientChinese.
KangxiDictionary
[YinJixia][彳部]DeKangxistrokes:15·Outerstrokes:12
"TangYun""Zheng"Rhyme"ismorethancut."JiYun"and"RhymeMeeting"arecutandloggedin."GuangYun":Virtuealso."JiYun":Virtueisalsotheresult."Positiverhyme":Thosewhospeakmoralityaregoodandbeautiful,upright,bright,andpureYi."EasyQianGua":Agentlemanentersmoralityandstudies."Poetry·Daya":ThepeopleholdYi,fortunatelyYiDe."Book·GaoTaoMo":Ninevirtues,broadandchestnut,softandstanding,willingandrespectful,chaoticandrespectful,disturbingandpersevering,straightandgentle,simpleandclean,strongandcongested,strongandrighteous.Also"HongFan":Threevirtues,oneisintegrity,thesecondisstrong,andthethirdissoft."ZhouLi·Diguan":Sixvirtues:knowledge,benevolence,sacredness,righteousness,neutrality,andharmony.
And"JadeChapter":De,HuiYe."Shu·Pangeng":Practicingvirtuestothepeople."PoetryXiaoya":bothfullofvirtue.
It'salsokind."RiteandMoonOrder":MengChun'smonth,fateBud,peaceorder,celebration,givingbenefits.Note:Germanisgood.
Iamgratefulforvirtue."ZuoZhuan:ThreeYearsofSuccess":WangYue:ButIammoral.Shu:Deisaddedtohim,andHeiskind,soHeenisvirtue."TheBiographyofFanYeintheLaterHanDynasty":WhenGuangwuwasweak,Yegaveabait,andtheemperor'svirtuewasneverforgotten.
Yunhuiagain:Fourseasonsofvigor."RiteandMoonOrder":AHitachispring,Shengdeisinthewoods.
Anotherposthumouslaw:Suirouthepeople,admonishbutnotprestige,insistonrighteousnessandpromotegoodness,andcallforvirtue.
And"Shuowen":ShengYe.
Another"JadeChapter":FuYe.
Alsostarname."PreviousHan·JiaoSiZhi":WangShuoyanlookedangry,andlatersawthestarfilledwithstars.YouSiJiesaid:YourMajestybuilttheHanfamilytoenshrinetheZen,andtheheavenswillrepaythevirtuesoftheNebula.Note:Dexingmeansfillinginthestar.
And"RhymeMeeting":alsomadeadying."TheBiographyoftheFormerHanJiaYi":It'stoolate.
Alsostatename."Guangyun":QinisQicounty,HanisPingyuancounty.AtthebeginningofWudewasDezhou,andYindeanCountywasnamedafter.
YeDumuqi,sounddumb.XieHuilian's"SnowFu":CaoFenguseslinentocomparecolors,andChuballadsuseYoulanLiqu.Thesurplusrulerisintheauspiciousyearoftheharvest,andtheshanzhangisintheyinandvirtue.
Theleavesarecutindifferentways,asthesoundcomesin."YiLin":Wineisajoyousuncle,togetridofworries,togetstartedwithgoodfortune,andtobewithyou,sothatIamvirtuous.
[MaoJishang][HeartDepartment]悳·Kangxistrokes:12·OutsidetheMinistryofstrokes:8
"TangYun"and"ZhengYun"aremorethancut."Jiyun"and"Yunhui"arecutandsounded."SuoWen"isobtainedfromothersontheoutside,butalsofromyourselfontheinside.Fromstraighttoheart."SixBooks":Uprightisawkward.Thephysiologyisstraightforward,andthesidewalksareawkward.Xiaozhuanplus彳,takingthelinehasthemeaningofrecovery.Longnote:"TheAnalectsofConfucius":Ifyoureportgrievancesdirectlyandgrievanceswithgrievances,thenyouknowthatgrievancesaregrievances.It'snottrue.Fashionislush,sothewordisalittleuseless.YinFuchunsaid:"Saidthetext"fromstraighttoheart.TheGermanwordisfrom彳from㥁torise.Nowadays,theword"Dao"isavirtue,whiletheword"Dao"isanancienttext.Don'tdetailtheGermancharacternote.
BookShadowsof"ShuowenJiezi"(2photos) | Bookshadowsof"ShuowenJieziZhu"(2photos) | Bookshadowsof"KangxiDictionary"(2photos) |
Calligraphyglyph
Glyphcomparison
Glyphcomparison(kai-style)
WritingTips
【StrokeOrder】①ノ（Pilot）②ノ（Pilot）③丨（Vertical）④一（Horizontal）⑤ノ（Pilot）⑥丨(Vertical)⑦㇕(Horizontalfold)⑧丨(vertical)⑨丨(vertical)⑩一(horizontal)⑪一(horizontal)⑫丶(dot)⑬㇃(horizontalhook)⑭丶(dot)⑮丶(dot)
[Specifications]Theseconditalicsof"Heart"is㇃(臥門);theupperpartof"Heart"hasahorizontalline.
[Writing]❶"彳"isnarrowand"𢛳"iswide,thetop"彳"islow,andthebottomisflatontheleftandrightsides.❷"彳",thesecondandthirdstrokesareconnectedverticallybelowthehorizontalcenterline.❸"𢛳","罒"isatthehorizontalcenterline;"Heart",theleftpointisunderthe"彳",㇃(horizontalhook)startsfromtheleftsideoftheverticalcenterline,andthemiddlepointisabove㇃(horizontalhook).
Calligraphyappreciation
Sealscriptcalligraphy(5sheets) | Officialscriptcalligraphy(7sheets) | Calligraphyinregularscript(6photos) | Calligraphyinregularscript(7photos) | Cursivecalligraphy(8photos) |
Phonologycollection
Ancienttone
Pre-Qin | Kobenhansystem | t | ək | |
WangliSystem | Position | t | ək | |
DongTongheSystem | 之 | t | ə̂k | |
ZhouFagaoSystem | Jobs | t | ək | |
LiFangguiSystem | 之 | t | ək | |
WesternHanDynasty p> | Jobs | |||
EasternHanDynasty | Jobs | |||
Wei | 德 | ək | ||
Jin | 德 | ək | ||
NorthernandSouthernDynasties | TheEarlySongandNorthernWeiDynasty | Germany | ək | |
LateNorthernQiDynastyinNorthernWeiDynasty | Germany | ək | ||
QiLiangChenBeiZhouSui | Germany | ək | ||
SuiandTangDynasties | KobenhainSystem | t | ək | |
WangliSystem | t | ək | ||
DongTongheSystem | t | ək | ||
ZhouFagaoSystem | t | ək | ||
LiFangguiSystem | t | ək | ||
Referencematerials: |
Rhymebookintegration
Smallrhyme | Rhymephoto | Tone | Rhyme | Rhyme | Letters | Sounds | Openandclose | Level | Clearandvoiced | Fanqie | Footnote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guangyun | Germany | Zeng | Intothesound | Twenty-fivevirtues | login | end | Openyourmouth | one | CompleteClear | Multiplecuts | tək | |
Jiyun | Set | stop | Gotothesound | SevenRecords | 之 | Know | Openyourmouth | Three | FullQing | BambooOfficialCut | ȶie | |
Germany | Zeng | Intothesound | Twenty-fiveGermans | Login | End | Openyourmouth | One | Allclear | Thecutisdone | tək | ||
Rhymeslightly | Intothesound | Germany | Cut | |||||||||
Enhancerhyme | Intothesound | Germany | Multiplecuts | |||||||||
Zhongyuanphonology | Germany | IntothesoundSound | Qiwei | end | Qiqihuhu | FullClear | tei | |||||
Zhongzhouphonology | Intothesoundtomakethesound | QiWei | Dangtucut | |||||||||
HongwuZhengyun | Germany | Intothesound | Qimo | Geng | End | Both | Allclear | Multiplecuts | tək |
(Referencematerialsabove:)
DialectCollection
◎GanChinese:dek5
◎Hakkadialect:[LuFengqiang]det7[HakkaEnglishDictionary]det7[TaiwanFourCountyDialects]det7[MeiCountyDialects]det7[HailingDialects]det7[HakkaPinyinWords]ded5[Shatoujiaoqiang]diet7[BaoanDialect]det7[Dongguanaccent]det7
◎Cantonese:dak1
